系统版本:
[root@centos67d1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@centos67d1 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
[root@centos71d1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)
[root@centos71d1 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64
1. 复制/etc/skel目录为/home/tuser1，要求/home/tuser1及其内部文件的属组和其它用户均没有任何访问权限
[root@centos67n1 ~]# cp -rv /etc/skel/ /home/tuser1
#注意：事先无需创建/home/tuser1目录，否则这条命令会变成复制/etc/skel目录到/home/tuser1目录下
`/etc/skel/' -> `/home/tuser1'
`/etc/skel/.bash_logout' -> `/home/tuser1/.bash_logout'
`/etc/skel/.bashrc' -> `/home/tuser1/.bashrc'
`/etc/skel/.bash_profile' -> `/home/tuser1/.bash_profile'
[root@centos67n1 ~]# chmod -R go-rwx /home/tuser1
[root@centos67n1 ~]# ll -a /home/tuser1/
total 20
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Jul 3 17:03 .
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jul 3 17:03 ..
-rw-------. 1 root root 18 Jul 3 17:03 .bash_logout
-rw-------. 1 root root 176 Jul 3 17:03 .bash_profile
-rw-------. 1 root root 124 Jul 3 17:03 .bashrc
2. 编辑/etc/group文件，添加组hadoop
[root@centos67n1 ~]# grep '777' /etc/group
#这里没有grep到任何内容，表示“777”这个组ID没有被占用；\
#注意：在centos6中系统组ID的范围是1-499，登录组是500-60000
[root@centos67n1 ~]# echo 'hadoop:x:777:' >> /etc/group
[root@centos67n1 ~]# tail -1 /etc/group
hadoop:x:777:
3. 手动编辑/etc/passwd文件新增一行，添加用户hadoop，其基本组ID为hadoop组的id号；其家目录为/home/hadoop
[root@centos67n1 ~]# grep '777' /etc/passwd
#首先还是要确认“777”这个UID有没有被占用，没有grep到，表示没有被占用；\
#在centos6中，登录用户的UID范围和登录组GID范围一样是500-60000
[root@centos67n1 ~]# echo 'hadoop:x:777:777::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash' >> /etc/passwd
[root@centos67n1 ~]# tail -2 /etc/passwd
fedora:x:500:500::/home/fedora:/bin/bash
hadoop:x:777:777::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash
4. 复制/etc/skel目录为/home/hadoop，要求修改hadoop目录的属组和其它用户没有任何访问权限
[root@centos67d1 ~]# cp -rv /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop
`/etc/skel/' -> `/home/hadoop'
`/etc/skel/.bash_profile' -> `/home/hadoop/.bash_profile'
`/etc/skel/.bash_logout' -> `/home/hadoop/.bash_logout'
`/etc/skel/.bashrc' -> `/home/hadoop/.bashrc'
[root@centos67d1 ~]# chmod go= /home/hadoop/
[root@centos67d1 ~]# ll -d /home/hadoop/
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Jul 4 13:55 /home/hadoop/
5. 修改/home/hadoop目录及其内部所有文件的属主为hadoop，属组为hadoop
[root@centos67d1 ~]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop/
[root@centos67d1 ~]# ll -a /home/hadoop/
total 20
drwx------. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 4 13:55 .
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Jul 4 13:55 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 18 Jul 4 13:55 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 176 Jul 4 13:55 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 124 Jul 4 13:55 .bashrc
6. 显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大写或小写S开头的行；用两种方式
[root@centos67d1 ~]# grep -i "^s" /proc/meminfo
SwapCached: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 2031612 kB
SwapFree: 2031612 kB
Shmem: 188 kB
Slab: 69812 kB
SReclaimable: 10648 kB
SUnreclaim: 59164 kB
或 [root@centos67d1 ~]# grep "^[Ss]" /proc/meminfo
或 [root@centos67d1 ~]# grep "^\(S\|s\)" /proc/meminfo
或 [root@centos67d1 ~]# grep -E "^(S|s)" /proc/meminfo
7. 显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户
[root@centos67d1 ~]# grep -v "/sbin/nologin" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1
root
sync
shutdown
halt
centos
fedora
archlinux
hadoop
8. 显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为/bin/bash的用户
[root@centos67d1 ~]# grep "/bin/bash" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1
root
centos
fedora
archlinux
hadoop
9. 找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位数或两位数
[root@centos71d1 ~]# grep "\<[0-9]\{1,2\}\>" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:\
/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
或 grep "\<[0-9][0-9]\?\>" /etc/passwd
10. 显示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一个空白字符开头的行
[root@centos67d1 ~]# grep "^[[:space:]]\+" /boot/grub/grub.conf
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/
mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap\
SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root \
KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img
或 [root@centos67d1 ~]# grep "^[[:space:]]\{1,\}" /boot/grub/grub.conf
11. 显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#开头，后面跟至少一个空白字符，而后又有至少一个非空白字符的行
[root@centos67d1 ~]# grep "^#[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:]]\+" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
# /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time
# Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc.
# Check SELinux status
# Print a text banner.
# Only read this once.
# Initialize hardware
# Set default affinity
# Load other user-defined modules
# Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs)
....
12. netstat -tan命令执行结果中以‘LISTEN’，后或跟空白字符结尾的行
[root@centos67d1 ~]# netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN[[:space:]]*$"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
13. 用户bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一个用户的shell为/sbin/nologin)，而后找出当前系统上其用户名和默认shell相同的用户的信息
[root@centos67d1 ~]# grep "^\([^:]\+\>\).*$" /etc/passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
bash:x:778:778::/home/bash:/bin/bash
nologin:x:781:781::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin